All materials used in the manufacture of reinforced cement concrete pipes for use under this Contract shall conform to ASTM Designation C76-72a and also with the following specifications.
i) Cement
The Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (SRPC) Portland cement which is required to be used in the manufacture of reinforced concrete pipes to be furnished and installed under this Contract shall conform to the requirements of BS 4027 and ASTM Designation C-150 (Type V) latest revision.
ii) Aggregate
The fully crushed coarse and fine aggregate and washed shall be used in the manufacture of concrete pipes to be furnished and installed under this Contract and shall be generally in accordance with the provisions of Chapter-6 of these Specifications.
iii) Steel Reinforcement
The material will conform to the Specifications contained in relevant Section of these Specifications in Chapter-5.
25.2.5 Mixing of Concrete
The proper types and amounts of Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (SRPC), mineral aggregates and water shall be thoroughly mixed in an approved type of Concrete Batch Plant which shall be kept in perfect working condition. Admixtures in the concrete will only be permitted with the approval of the Engineer and as explained in Chapter-6.
25.2.6 Pipe Dimensions
(i) The internal diameters and wall thickness of reinforced concrete pipes under this Contract shall be as set forth in ASTM Designation C76-72a in Tables I through V for " Wall B " pipe as required and shown on the plans.
(ii) The lengths of reinforced concrete pipes under this Contract shall be as required to provide the designated laying length shall be in full, and shall not be less than 6 feet, nor more than 8 feet, unless otherwise approved in writing by the Engineer.
(iii) Only one laying length shall be permitted for each size of reinforced concrete pipe under this Contract and pipes not of the approved uniform laying length shall not be used in the work.
25.2.6 Lift Holes not permitted
Lift holes in the walls of reinforced cement concrete pipes will not be permitted under this Contract for the purpose of handling and laying. Other approved lifting methods shall be employed.
25.3 Certified Plans and Data Sheets
(i) The Contractor shall submit in triplicate, for approval by the Engineer, certified plans and data sheets as required to provide complete information on all concrete sewer pipes, dimensions, type and dimensions of pipe ends, joint details, proposed concrete design mix for each different strength Class of reinforced or non-reinforced concrete pipe and any other information needed to demonstrate full compliance with these Specifications.
(ii) No concrete sewer pipe shall be delivered to the work site until the Engineer has formally approved the plans and data sheets and until all test require¬ments called for in the respective ASTM Standard Speci¬fications C76-79 and C-14 have been met.
25.4 Joints for Concrete Pipe Sewers
25.4.1 General
Joints for concrete sewer pipes of more than 150mm diameter shall be Rubber Gasket joints as provided in the plans. No other types of joints will be permitted under this Contract. For pipes of 150mm internal diameters collar joints will be used.
25.4.2 Rubber Gasket Joints
(i) Rubber gasket joints shall be used for either tongue and groove or bell & spigot pipes.
(ii) Rubber gasket joints shall be made using specially designed rubber gaskets, made to fit the applicable tongue and groove or bell and spigot pipes and adequately tested under operating conditions. Special care must be taken in the selection and handling of the concrete pipes for use with rubber gasket joints, to ensure that pipe ends shall be smooth and concentric with tolerance which closely conforms to the requirements of the manufacturer of the rubber gaskets. The tongue or spigot end of each pipe shall be specially designed to perform groove or offsets to fit the manufacturer's rubber gasket design.
(iii) The rubber gasket joints shall conform to all applicable requirements of the latest revision of ASTM Designation C-443, entitled "Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Flexible Watertight Rubber Type Gaskets", except that the test pressure need not exceed 10 feet of head at which the completed sewers shall meet the infiltration or exfiltration limits set forth hereinafter.
(iv) The groove end of tongue and groove pipes of either the reinforced or non-reinforced concrete type, shall have at least one line of wire reinforcing of 8 gauge size placed in the center of the groove.
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
3.0 TRAFFIC STUDY
Traffic studies are intended to provide necessary input data for determination of magnitude and pattern of the traffic load on project road leading to rehabilitation / reconstruction & improvement site. Traffic studies involve:
• Classified Traffic Count Surveys
• Estimation of Annual Average Daily Traffic
• Future Traffic Growth Rates
• Traffic Projections
The Consultant carried out one (1) day 24–hour continuous classified traffic count survey on 12.07.2009 near Gulshan Park Gate of Pasroor road which starts from Pul Aik and ends at Gulshan Iqbal Park, Sialkot. Location of the traffic count station was selected with due consideration to the existing road network with the aim to cover maximum traffic for determining the best representation of traffic deployed at the road.
Following vehicles categories were selected for counting:
• Animal Drawn
• 2–Axle Trucks
• 3–Axle Trucks
• 4–Axle Trucks
• 4–Axle Articulated Trucks
• 5–Axle Trucks
• 6–Axle Trucks
• Passenger Buses
• Tractor Trolleys
• Cars/Vans/Jeeps etc.
• Motor Cycles/Rickshaws
Existing Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for project road has been calculated by applying weekly and seasonal factors (as obtained from NTRC Report).
III-1
Future Traffic growth rates for various types of vehicles have been estimated by considering the traffic growth as per growth rate of registered vehicles in Punjab. The tables for total estimated / projected traffic is attached as Annexure-A (table 3.1 to 3.3).
III-2
Traffic studies are intended to provide necessary input data for determination of magnitude and pattern of the traffic load on project road leading to rehabilitation / reconstruction & improvement site. Traffic studies involve:
• Classified Traffic Count Surveys
• Estimation of Annual Average Daily Traffic
• Future Traffic Growth Rates
• Traffic Projections
The Consultant carried out one (1) day 24–hour continuous classified traffic count survey on 12.07.2009 near Gulshan Park Gate of Pasroor road which starts from Pul Aik and ends at Gulshan Iqbal Park, Sialkot. Location of the traffic count station was selected with due consideration to the existing road network with the aim to cover maximum traffic for determining the best representation of traffic deployed at the road.
Following vehicles categories were selected for counting:
• Animal Drawn
• 2–Axle Trucks
• 3–Axle Trucks
• 4–Axle Trucks
• 4–Axle Articulated Trucks
• 5–Axle Trucks
• 6–Axle Trucks
• Passenger Buses
• Tractor Trolleys
• Cars/Vans/Jeeps etc.
• Motor Cycles/Rickshaws
Existing Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for project road has been calculated by applying weekly and seasonal factors (as obtained from NTRC Report).
III-1
Future Traffic growth rates for various types of vehicles have been estimated by considering the traffic growth as per growth rate of registered vehicles in Punjab. The tables for total estimated / projected traffic is attached as Annexure-A (table 3.1 to 3.3).
III-2
(p) At construction joints contact surface of the form sheathing for flush surfaces exposed to view shall overlap the hardened concrete in the previous placement by no less than 1 inch (25 mm). The forms shall be held against the hardened concrete to prevent offsets or loss of mortar at the construction joint so as to maintain a true surface.
(q) Wood forms for wall opening shall be constructed to facilitate loosening, if necessary to counteract swelling of the forms.
(r) Wedges used for final adjustment of the forms prior to concrete placement shall be fastened in position after the final check.
(s) FormWork shall be so anchored to shores or to other supporting surfaces or members that upward or lateral movement of any part of the formWork system during concrete placement will not occur.
(t) Runways or planks for moving labour and equipment shall be provided with struts or legs and shall be supported directly on the formWork or upon the structural member without resting on the reinforcing steel.
(u) All surfaces of forms and embedded materials shall be cleaned of any accumulated mortar or grout from previous concreting and of all other foreign material before placing fresh concrete.
(v) Forms shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of grout or cement paste. Board forms having joints opened by shrinkage of the wood shall be removed and replaced. Plywood and other wood surfaces not subject to shrinkage shall be sealed against absorption of moisture from the concrete by either (1) a field applied, approved form oil or sealer, or (2) a factory applied non-absorptive liner. When forms are coated to prevent bond with concrete, it shall be done prior to placing of the reinforcing steel. Excess coating material shall not be allowed to stand in puddles in the forms nor allowed to come in contact with the concrete against which fresh concrete will be placed. Care shall be taken that such approved composition is kept out of contact with the reinforcement. Where as-cast finishes are required, materials, which will impart a stain to the concrete, shall not be applied to the form surfaces. Where the finished surface is required to be painted, the material applied to form surfaces shall be compatible with the type of paint to be used.
(w) For reinforced concrete, in no circumstances shall for until the concrete attains strength of at least twice the stress to which the concrete may be exposed at the time of striking The strength referred to shall be that of concrete using the same cement and aggregates, with the same proportions, and cured under conditions of temperature and moisture similar to those obtaining in the Work. Where possible, the formWork should be left for longer time, as it would assist the curing. In normal circumstances (generally where temperatures are above 20 0C/ (168 0F) and where ordinary cement is used, forms may be struck after expiry of the following periods.
Walls, columns and vertical sides of beams 48 hours or as may be decided by the Engineer
Side of slab (shores of props left under) 2 days
Beams soffits (shores or props left under) 12 days
Removal of shores or props to slabs:
Spanning up to 13 ft. (4 meter)
Spanning over 13 ft. (4 meter)
12 days or as approved
16 days by the Engineer
Removal of shores or props to beams
Spanning up to 20 ft. (6 meter)
Spanning over 20 ft. (6 meter)
18 days or as approved
25 days by the Engineer
For rapid hardening cement 3/7 of the above period will be sufficient in all cases except vertical sides of slabs, beams and columns which should be retained for a minimum of 24 hours.
The number of shores or props, their sizes and disposition shall be such as to be able to safely carry the full dead load of the slab and beams, as the case may be.
Proper allowance shall be made for the decrease in rate of hardening of concrete in cold weather and the above minimum duration must be increased when the mean daily temperature is below 20 degree C.
(x) When repair of surface defects or finishing is required at early age, forms shall be removed as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently to resist damage from removal operation
(y) Top forms on sloping surfaces of concrete shall be removed as soon as the concrete has attained sufficient stiffness to prevent sagging. Any needed repairs or treatment required on such sloping surfaces shall be performed at once and be followed by the specified curing.
(z) Wood forms for wall openings shall be loosened as soon as this can be accomplished without damage to the concrete.
(aa) All formWork shall he removed without such shock or vibration as would damage the reinforced concrete. Before the top plank and struts are removed, the concrete surface shall be exposed where necessary in order to ascertain that the concrete has sufficiently hardened. Proper precautions shall be taken to allow for the decrease in the rate of hardening that occurs with all cement in the cold weather.
(bb) When restoring or repropping is permitted or required, the operations shall be planned in advance and shall be subject to approval. While reshoring is underway no live load shall be permitted on the new construction
In no case during reshoring shall concrete in beam, slab, columns or any other structural member be subjected to combined dead and construction loads in excess of the load permitted by the Engineer for the developed concrete strength at the time of reshoring.
Reshores shall be placed as soon as practicable after stripping operations are complete but in no case later than the end of Working day on which stripping occurs.
Reshores shall be tightened to carry their required loads without overstressing the construction. Reshores shall remain in place at least until tests representative of the concrete being supported have reached the strength specified sub-Clause 5.23 hereof.
(cc) Floors supporting props or shores under newly placed concrete shall have their original supporting props or shores left in place or shall be reshored. The reshoring system shall have a capacity sufficient to resist the anticipated loads and in all cases shall have a capacity equal to at least one half the capacity of the shoring system above. The reshores shall be located directly under a shore position above unless other locations are permitted.
The reshoring or re-propping shall extend over a sufficient number of stories to distribute the weight of newly place concrete and construction live loads in such a manner that the design superimposed loads of the floors supporting shores or props are not exceeded.
(dd) It is generally desirable to give forms for reinforced concrete an upward camber to ensure that the beams or slabs (specially cantilever slabs) do not have a sag when they have taken up their deflection, but this should not be done unless permitted by the Engineer.
(ee) No loads, other than man and light plant required in connection with the actual Work in hand, shall be allowed on suspended floors until 28 days after concreting where ordinary Portland Cement is used and 14 days when rapid hardening Portland Cement is used.
(q) Wood forms for wall opening shall be constructed to facilitate loosening, if necessary to counteract swelling of the forms.
(r) Wedges used for final adjustment of the forms prior to concrete placement shall be fastened in position after the final check.
(s) FormWork shall be so anchored to shores or to other supporting surfaces or members that upward or lateral movement of any part of the formWork system during concrete placement will not occur.
(t) Runways or planks for moving labour and equipment shall be provided with struts or legs and shall be supported directly on the formWork or upon the structural member without resting on the reinforcing steel.
(u) All surfaces of forms and embedded materials shall be cleaned of any accumulated mortar or grout from previous concreting and of all other foreign material before placing fresh concrete.
(v) Forms shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of grout or cement paste. Board forms having joints opened by shrinkage of the wood shall be removed and replaced. Plywood and other wood surfaces not subject to shrinkage shall be sealed against absorption of moisture from the concrete by either (1) a field applied, approved form oil or sealer, or (2) a factory applied non-absorptive liner. When forms are coated to prevent bond with concrete, it shall be done prior to placing of the reinforcing steel. Excess coating material shall not be allowed to stand in puddles in the forms nor allowed to come in contact with the concrete against which fresh concrete will be placed. Care shall be taken that such approved composition is kept out of contact with the reinforcement. Where as-cast finishes are required, materials, which will impart a stain to the concrete, shall not be applied to the form surfaces. Where the finished surface is required to be painted, the material applied to form surfaces shall be compatible with the type of paint to be used.
(w) For reinforced concrete, in no circumstances shall for until the concrete attains strength of at least twice the stress to which the concrete may be exposed at the time of striking The strength referred to shall be that of concrete using the same cement and aggregates, with the same proportions, and cured under conditions of temperature and moisture similar to those obtaining in the Work. Where possible, the formWork should be left for longer time, as it would assist the curing. In normal circumstances (generally where temperatures are above 20 0C/ (168 0F) and where ordinary cement is used, forms may be struck after expiry of the following periods.
Walls, columns and vertical sides of beams 48 hours or as may be decided by the Engineer
Side of slab (shores of props left under) 2 days
Beams soffits (shores or props left under) 12 days
Removal of shores or props to slabs:
Spanning up to 13 ft. (4 meter)
Spanning over 13 ft. (4 meter)
12 days or as approved
16 days by the Engineer
Removal of shores or props to beams
Spanning up to 20 ft. (6 meter)
Spanning over 20 ft. (6 meter)
18 days or as approved
25 days by the Engineer
For rapid hardening cement 3/7 of the above period will be sufficient in all cases except vertical sides of slabs, beams and columns which should be retained for a minimum of 24 hours.
The number of shores or props, their sizes and disposition shall be such as to be able to safely carry the full dead load of the slab and beams, as the case may be.
Proper allowance shall be made for the decrease in rate of hardening of concrete in cold weather and the above minimum duration must be increased when the mean daily temperature is below 20 degree C.
(x) When repair of surface defects or finishing is required at early age, forms shall be removed as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently to resist damage from removal operation
(y) Top forms on sloping surfaces of concrete shall be removed as soon as the concrete has attained sufficient stiffness to prevent sagging. Any needed repairs or treatment required on such sloping surfaces shall be performed at once and be followed by the specified curing.
(z) Wood forms for wall openings shall be loosened as soon as this can be accomplished without damage to the concrete.
(aa) All formWork shall he removed without such shock or vibration as would damage the reinforced concrete. Before the top plank and struts are removed, the concrete surface shall be exposed where necessary in order to ascertain that the concrete has sufficiently hardened. Proper precautions shall be taken to allow for the decrease in the rate of hardening that occurs with all cement in the cold weather.
(bb) When restoring or repropping is permitted or required, the operations shall be planned in advance and shall be subject to approval. While reshoring is underway no live load shall be permitted on the new construction
In no case during reshoring shall concrete in beam, slab, columns or any other structural member be subjected to combined dead and construction loads in excess of the load permitted by the Engineer for the developed concrete strength at the time of reshoring.
Reshores shall be placed as soon as practicable after stripping operations are complete but in no case later than the end of Working day on which stripping occurs.
Reshores shall be tightened to carry their required loads without overstressing the construction. Reshores shall remain in place at least until tests representative of the concrete being supported have reached the strength specified sub-Clause 5.23 hereof.
(cc) Floors supporting props or shores under newly placed concrete shall have their original supporting props or shores left in place or shall be reshored. The reshoring system shall have a capacity sufficient to resist the anticipated loads and in all cases shall have a capacity equal to at least one half the capacity of the shoring system above. The reshores shall be located directly under a shore position above unless other locations are permitted.
The reshoring or re-propping shall extend over a sufficient number of stories to distribute the weight of newly place concrete and construction live loads in such a manner that the design superimposed loads of the floors supporting shores or props are not exceeded.
(dd) It is generally desirable to give forms for reinforced concrete an upward camber to ensure that the beams or slabs (specially cantilever slabs) do not have a sag when they have taken up their deflection, but this should not be done unless permitted by the Engineer.
(ee) No loads, other than man and light plant required in connection with the actual Work in hand, shall be allowed on suspended floors until 28 days after concreting where ordinary Portland Cement is used and 14 days when rapid hardening Portland Cement is used.
Workmanship
(a) Forms shall be used, wherever necessary, to confine the concrete and shape it to the required dimensions. Forms shall have sufficient strength to withstand .the pressure resulting from placement and vibration of the concrete and shall have sufficient rigidity to maintain specified tolerances. The main objective is to retain the concrete as the finished facade material. The Contractor therefore shall realize a special and perfect formWork. The drawings showing details and locations of these special formwork shall be submitted by the contractor. The Engineer shall refuse any formWork and any part of the buildings, which has been constructed with a non¬-approved formWork. The Engineer shall refuse any concreting which will not be perfect or may not conform to the approved model.
(b) Earth cuts shall not be used as forms for verticals reinforced concrete Work unless required as such or permitted by the Engineer.
(c) Mud centering shall not be permitted without the prior approval of the Engineer.
(d) FormWork shall be of wrought timber, steel, plywood, proprietary building boards and such special materials, as may be shown on the drawings or approved by the Engineer, which give the required finish to the surface of concrete. Wooden formWork shall be free from loose knots and shall be well seasoned.
(e) The formWork shall conform to the shape, lines and dimensions as shown on the drawings, and be so constructed as to remain sufficiently rigid during the placing and compacting of the concrete, and shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of liquid from the concrete. The design and Engineering of the formWork, as well as its construction, shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Where necessary, to maintain the specified tolerances, the formWork shall be cambered to compensate for anticipated deflections in the formWork due to the weight and pressure of the fresh concrete and due to construction loads The Contractor shall establish and maintain in an undisturbed condition and until final completion and acceptance of the project, sufficient control points and bench marks to be used as references for checking upon tolerances.
(f) Requirements for “facing materials” are given in the Section relevant to ‘Finishing of Formed Surfaces’. The maximum deflection of facing material reflected in concrete surfaces exposed to view shall be 1/240 of the span between structural members.
(g) Where natural plywood forms finish grout cleaned-finish, smooth-¬rubbed-finish, scrubbed- finish or sand-floated-finish is required. Forms shall be smooth (faced with. plywood, liner sheets, or pre¬fabricated panels) and true to line, in order that the surfaces produced will require little dressing to arrive at true surfaces. Where any as-cast finish is required, no dressing shall be permitted in the finishing operation.
(h) Where as cast surfaces, including natural plywood-form-finish are specified, the panels of material against which concrete is cast shall be orderly in arrangement, with joints between panels planned in approved relation to openings, building corner and other architectural features.
(i) Where panels for as-cast surfaces are separated by recessed or otherwise emphasized joints, the structural design of the forms shall provide for locating form ties, where possible, within the joints so that patches of tie holes will not fall within the panel areas.
(j) Forms shall not be re-used if there is any evidence of surface wear and tear or defect which would impair the quality of the surface finish. Forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and properly coated before re-use.
(k) The formWork shall be designed so that the soffits of slabs and sides of beams, columns, and walls may be removed first, leaving the forms to the soffits of beams and their supports in position.
(l) Forms shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of mortar from the concrete. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents chamfer strips shall be placed in the corners of forms to produce beveled edges on permanently exposed surfaces. Interior corners on such surfaces and the edges of formed joints will not require beveling unless required by the Contract Documents.
(m) Positive means such as wedges or jacks for accurate adjustment and for proper removal of shores and struts shall be provided and all settlement shall be monitored during concrete placing operation. Forms shall be securely braced against lateral deflections.
(n) Where concreting of thin members is required to be carried out within formWork of considerable depth, temporary openings in the sides of the formWork shall be provided where necessary to facilitate the placing and consolidation of concrete. Small temporary openings shall also be provided at the bottom of the formWork for columns, walls and deep beams to permit the cleaning out of debris and observation immediately before concrete is depoSited.
(o) Form ties shall be constructed so that the ends or end fasteners can be removed without causing appreciable damages at the faces of the concrete. After the ends or end fasteners of form ties have been removed, the embedded portion of the ties shall terminate not less than 2 times diameter or twice the minimum dimension of the tie from the formed faces of concrete to be permanently exposed to view and in no case shall this distance be less than ¾ inch. (20 mm). When the formed face of the concrete is not to be permanently exposed to view, form ties may be cut off flush with the formed surfaces. Through bolts may be permitted provided that they are greased to allow for easy withdrawal and the holes. Subsequently made good. Through bolts are not to be used on water retaining structures.
(a) Forms shall be used, wherever necessary, to confine the concrete and shape it to the required dimensions. Forms shall have sufficient strength to withstand .the pressure resulting from placement and vibration of the concrete and shall have sufficient rigidity to maintain specified tolerances. The main objective is to retain the concrete as the finished facade material. The Contractor therefore shall realize a special and perfect formWork. The drawings showing details and locations of these special formwork shall be submitted by the contractor. The Engineer shall refuse any formWork and any part of the buildings, which has been constructed with a non¬-approved formWork. The Engineer shall refuse any concreting which will not be perfect or may not conform to the approved model.
(b) Earth cuts shall not be used as forms for verticals reinforced concrete Work unless required as such or permitted by the Engineer.
(c) Mud centering shall not be permitted without the prior approval of the Engineer.
(d) FormWork shall be of wrought timber, steel, plywood, proprietary building boards and such special materials, as may be shown on the drawings or approved by the Engineer, which give the required finish to the surface of concrete. Wooden formWork shall be free from loose knots and shall be well seasoned.
(e) The formWork shall conform to the shape, lines and dimensions as shown on the drawings, and be so constructed as to remain sufficiently rigid during the placing and compacting of the concrete, and shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of liquid from the concrete. The design and Engineering of the formWork, as well as its construction, shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Where necessary, to maintain the specified tolerances, the formWork shall be cambered to compensate for anticipated deflections in the formWork due to the weight and pressure of the fresh concrete and due to construction loads The Contractor shall establish and maintain in an undisturbed condition and until final completion and acceptance of the project, sufficient control points and bench marks to be used as references for checking upon tolerances.
(f) Requirements for “facing materials” are given in the Section relevant to ‘Finishing of Formed Surfaces’. The maximum deflection of facing material reflected in concrete surfaces exposed to view shall be 1/240 of the span between structural members.
(g) Where natural plywood forms finish grout cleaned-finish, smooth-¬rubbed-finish, scrubbed- finish or sand-floated-finish is required. Forms shall be smooth (faced with. plywood, liner sheets, or pre¬fabricated panels) and true to line, in order that the surfaces produced will require little dressing to arrive at true surfaces. Where any as-cast finish is required, no dressing shall be permitted in the finishing operation.
(h) Where as cast surfaces, including natural plywood-form-finish are specified, the panels of material against which concrete is cast shall be orderly in arrangement, with joints between panels planned in approved relation to openings, building corner and other architectural features.
(i) Where panels for as-cast surfaces are separated by recessed or otherwise emphasized joints, the structural design of the forms shall provide for locating form ties, where possible, within the joints so that patches of tie holes will not fall within the panel areas.
(j) Forms shall not be re-used if there is any evidence of surface wear and tear or defect which would impair the quality of the surface finish. Forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and properly coated before re-use.
(k) The formWork shall be designed so that the soffits of slabs and sides of beams, columns, and walls may be removed first, leaving the forms to the soffits of beams and their supports in position.
(l) Forms shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of mortar from the concrete. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents chamfer strips shall be placed in the corners of forms to produce beveled edges on permanently exposed surfaces. Interior corners on such surfaces and the edges of formed joints will not require beveling unless required by the Contract Documents.
(m) Positive means such as wedges or jacks for accurate adjustment and for proper removal of shores and struts shall be provided and all settlement shall be monitored during concrete placing operation. Forms shall be securely braced against lateral deflections.
(n) Where concreting of thin members is required to be carried out within formWork of considerable depth, temporary openings in the sides of the formWork shall be provided where necessary to facilitate the placing and consolidation of concrete. Small temporary openings shall also be provided at the bottom of the formWork for columns, walls and deep beams to permit the cleaning out of debris and observation immediately before concrete is depoSited.
(o) Form ties shall be constructed so that the ends or end fasteners can be removed without causing appreciable damages at the faces of the concrete. After the ends or end fasteners of form ties have been removed, the embedded portion of the ties shall terminate not less than 2 times diameter or twice the minimum dimension of the tie from the formed faces of concrete to be permanently exposed to view and in no case shall this distance be less than ¾ inch. (20 mm). When the formed face of the concrete is not to be permanently exposed to view, form ties may be cut off flush with the formed surfaces. Through bolts may be permitted provided that they are greased to allow for easy withdrawal and the holes. Subsequently made good. Through bolts are not to be used on water retaining structures.
6.1 Scope of Work
The Work under this section of the Specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labour, equipment, appliances and materials and in performing all operations in connection with the supply and installation of formwork for the purpose of shuttering in concreting Work, complete in strict accordance with this Section of the Specification and the applicable Drawings and subject to the terms and Conditions of the Contract.
6.2 General
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to perform the Work by engaging well trained and experienced staff or by the sub Contractor who shall have enough number of well trained and experienced staff to coordinate his activities with the other operations. However the Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of Work performed by the sub-Contractor as per the requirements of these specifications.
6.3 Materials
The Contractor shall use the following formWork materials for different purposes as stated below:
(a) Timber
Form framing, sheathing and shoring.
(b) Ply wood
Form sheathing and panels.
(c) Steel
(i) Heavy forms and false Work
(ii) Column and joint forms
(d) Form Ties Anchors and Hangers
For securing formWork against placing loads and pressure.
(e) Coatings
Facilitate form removal.
(f) Steel Joints
For formWork support.
(g) Steel frame shoring
For formWork support.
6.4 Delivery and Storage
(a) Delivery
The delivery of formWork materials shall be done in such a manner that damage can be prevented.
(b) Storage
Form Work should be stored, after cleaning and preparing for re-use if used before in such a manner that access to all different materials is available.
Material which can be affected by weathering shall be stored in appropriate building or under covers and shade.
The Work under this section of the Specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labour, equipment, appliances and materials and in performing all operations in connection with the supply and installation of formwork for the purpose of shuttering in concreting Work, complete in strict accordance with this Section of the Specification and the applicable Drawings and subject to the terms and Conditions of the Contract.
6.2 General
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to perform the Work by engaging well trained and experienced staff or by the sub Contractor who shall have enough number of well trained and experienced staff to coordinate his activities with the other operations. However the Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of Work performed by the sub-Contractor as per the requirements of these specifications.
6.3 Materials
The Contractor shall use the following formWork materials for different purposes as stated below:
(a) Timber
Form framing, sheathing and shoring.
(b) Ply wood
Form sheathing and panels.
(c) Steel
(i) Heavy forms and false Work
(ii) Column and joint forms
(d) Form Ties Anchors and Hangers
For securing formWork against placing loads and pressure.
(e) Coatings
Facilitate form removal.
(f) Steel Joints
For formWork support.
(g) Steel frame shoring
For formWork support.
6.4 Delivery and Storage
(a) Delivery
The delivery of formWork materials shall be done in such a manner that damage can be prevented.
(b) Storage
Form Work should be stored, after cleaning and preparing for re-use if used before in such a manner that access to all different materials is available.
Material which can be affected by weathering shall be stored in appropriate building or under covers and shade.
6.1 Scope of Work
The Work under this section of the Specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labour, equipment, appliances and materials and in performing all operations in connection with the supply and installation of formwork for the purpose of shuttering in concreting Work, complete in strict accordance with this Section of the Specification and the applicable Drawings and subject to the terms and Conditions of the Contract.
6.2 General
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to perform the Work by engaging well trained and experienced staff or by the sub Contractor who shall have enough number of well trained and experienced staff to coordinate his activities with the other operations. However the Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of Work performed by the sub-Contractor as per the requirements of these specifications.
6.3 Materials
The Contractor shall use the following formWork materials for different purposes as stated below:
(a) Timber
Form framing, sheathing and shoring.
(b) Ply wood
Form sheathing and panels.
(c) Steel
(i) Heavy forms and false Work
(ii) Column and joint forms
(d) Form Ties Anchors and Hangers
For securing formWork against placing loads and pressure.
(e) Coatings
Facilitate form removal.
(f) Steel Joints
For formWork support.
(g) Steel frame shoring
For formWork support.
6.4 Delivery and Storage
(a) Delivery
The delivery of formWork materials shall be done in such a manner that damage can be prevented.
(b) Storage
Form Work should be stored, after cleaning and preparing for re-use if used before in such a manner that access to all different materials is available.
Material which can be affected by weathering shall be stored in appropriate building or under covers and shade.
The Work under this section of the Specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labour, equipment, appliances and materials and in performing all operations in connection with the supply and installation of formwork for the purpose of shuttering in concreting Work, complete in strict accordance with this Section of the Specification and the applicable Drawings and subject to the terms and Conditions of the Contract.
6.2 General
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to perform the Work by engaging well trained and experienced staff or by the sub Contractor who shall have enough number of well trained and experienced staff to coordinate his activities with the other operations. However the Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of Work performed by the sub-Contractor as per the requirements of these specifications.
6.3 Materials
The Contractor shall use the following formWork materials for different purposes as stated below:
(a) Timber
Form framing, sheathing and shoring.
(b) Ply wood
Form sheathing and panels.
(c) Steel
(i) Heavy forms and false Work
(ii) Column and joint forms
(d) Form Ties Anchors and Hangers
For securing formWork against placing loads and pressure.
(e) Coatings
Facilitate form removal.
(f) Steel Joints
For formWork support.
(g) Steel frame shoring
For formWork support.
6.4 Delivery and Storage
(a) Delivery
The delivery of formWork materials shall be done in such a manner that damage can be prevented.
(b) Storage
Form Work should be stored, after cleaning and preparing for re-use if used before in such a manner that access to all different materials is available.
Material which can be affected by weathering shall be stored in appropriate building or under covers and shade.
Standards
All methods of termite protection used herein shall be in accordance with the standard practices of National Pest Control Association, U.S.A and the British Wood Preserving Association.
5.6 Samples and Tests
The Contractor shall supply samples of all the materials to be used for insecticide control for approval of the Engineer and testing in accordance with the specified standards. Rejected materials shall be removed from the site immediately.
5.7 Guarantee
The Contractor is to guarantee that the building shall be free from termites (white ants), wood bores and other pests, which cause damage to wood or other organic material for 7 years from the date of acceptance of the building.
In the event of any damage caused within the guaranteed period, the Contractor shall replace at his own cost such damaged material, finishes affected and suitably preserve and treat the entire premises with the best method known to the trade to prevent the spreading of termites.
All methods of termite protection used herein shall be in accordance with the standard practices of National Pest Control Association, U.S.A and the British Wood Preserving Association.
5.6 Samples and Tests
The Contractor shall supply samples of all the materials to be used for insecticide control for approval of the Engineer and testing in accordance with the specified standards. Rejected materials shall be removed from the site immediately.
5.7 Guarantee
The Contractor is to guarantee that the building shall be free from termites (white ants), wood bores and other pests, which cause damage to wood or other organic material for 7 years from the date of acceptance of the building.
In the event of any damage caused within the guaranteed period, the Contractor shall replace at his own cost such damaged material, finishes affected and suitably preserve and treat the entire premises with the best method known to the trade to prevent the spreading of termites.
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