C. Protective Coatings
Protective coatings schedules (if any) shall be submitted, showing shop and field surface preparations, materials, methods of application, dry film thickness and tests for defects, all in conformance with this Section.
40.1.3 Marking
Each length of pipe and fitting shall be marked with the following:
• Manufacturing standard
• Manufacturer's name
• Manufacturing date
• Nominal diameter in mm
• Inside and outside diameters in mm
• Pressure rating in bars
• Inspection mark
• Coupling “homeline” position on spigot ends
• Serial Number
40.1.4 Not More than One Manufacturer
Pipes, couplings, fittings and valves for each component classification shall not be supplied by more than one manufacturer, except with the Employer's approval.
40.1.5 Test Certificates
All pipes, couplings, fittings and valves delivered to the site shall have been tested (referred to hereinafter as “works test”) in accordance with ISO standards or other approved equivalent or better standard. The Contactor shall furnish the Engineer with the manufacturer's test certificates for each consignment before each delivery begins.
The Engineer and/ or the Employer reserves the right to inspect the pipes, fittings and valves to be supplied for the works at the place of manufacture and to witness works tests. The Contractor shall provide the equipment and labour necessary for carrying out the inspection.
40.1.6 Service Conditions
All sanitary sewer pipes and appurtenant materials shall be suitable for carrying domestic wastewater at temperatures of up to 50Celsius with sulphide concentrations up to 50 mg/L.
All buried pipes and appurtenant materials shall be suitable for immersion in corrosive groundwater. Groundwater characteristics shall be ascertained by the Contractor.
40.1.7 Materials
Acceptable materials for pipes and appurtenances are as follows:
A. Force Main
(i) Flanged Cast Iron (CI) with working pressure of 325 Ft
(ii) Asbestoes Cement Pipes (AC) with working pressure of 300 Ft
B. Interconnecting Pipes between Treatment Units
(iii) Flanged Cast Iron (CI) with working pressure of 325 Ft
(iv) Asbestoes Cement Pipes (AC) with working pressure of 300 Ft
C Chemical Conditioning & Dosing
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with 5 bar working pressure
D. Water Supply
(i) Galvanized Iron Pipe medium class
(ii) Polyvinylchloride Pipes with working pressure of 300 Ft
40.1.8 Basis of Acceptance
The acceptability of the pipes and fittings will be based on the results of tests carried out at the manufacturer's plant and/ or at the Contractor's expense and the result of any independent testing carried out by the Employer or his agent. The frequency and type of tests required for each pipe material are given in the following Sub-Sections and certified copies of all records of inspection and test results shall be submitted to the Engineer.
40.2 MATERIIAL SPECIFICATIONS & STANDARDS
40.2.1 Asbestoes Cement (AC) Pressure Pipes & Couplings
AC Pipes and couplings shall conform to requirements of international organization for Standardization Recommendation R 160 “Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipe” or BS 486: 1973 “Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipe” for the specified class. The test and working pressures for various classes of pipes should be as under:
Class Test Pressure
Meter (Feet) Working pressure
Meter (Feet)
12 120 (400) 60 (200)
18 180 (600) 90 (300)
24 240 (800) 120 (400)
40.2.2 Cast Iron Pressure Pipes and Fittings:
Cast iron pressure pipes and fittings, socket / spigot and flanged types, shall conform to the requirements of BS 4622: 1970. Cast iron threaded companion flanges, shall conform to the requirements of BS 10:1962 (Table D). The working pressures for various classes of pipes and fittings should be as under:
Class Working Pressure Meter (Feet)
1 100 (325)
2 125 (400)
3 160 (520)
Monday, October 19, 2009
PRESSURE PIPES AND APPURTENANCES
40.1 GENERAL
40.1.1 The Scope of Works
The work included in this Section consists of manufacture, factory testing and witnessing by the Employer and or the Engineer and supply and delivery of pipes, fittings, valves, specials and other pipeline materials as specified here-in.
All pipeline materials shall be supplied by the Contractor, unless otherwise indicated in these documents or instructed by the Engineer.
All materials and equipment supplied shall be suitable for use under conditions prevailing at the site of the Works.
40.1.2 Shop Drawings
A. General
In addition to re-submitting all data required in the Tender the Contractor shall submit for approval detailed shop / construction Drawings together with other required information specified in accordance with the requirements specified in this Section.
Within 4 weeks of the date of acceptance of his Tender, the Contractor shall submit for the Engineer's approval a detailed program for submission of drawings, manufacture, testing, witnessing and delivery of pipes, fittings, valves and other pipeline materials to achieve the completion of the Works within the Contract period. Any deviations from the program shall be notified to the Engineer, but will not relieve the Contractor of his obligations under the Contract.
B. Shop Drawings
Shop Drawings, complete with material, grade and class for all pipes, fittings, joints and coatings shall be submitted. Detailed catalogue and engineering data sheets shall be submitted for all components such as flexible couplings, rubber gaskets, and insulating joints.
Shop Drawings for valves and miscellaneous components shall be complete with bill-of-materials showing kind and class of materials and catalogue and engineering data showing compliance with the specified requirements. In addition shall submit:
a) Instructions and Certificates for each type and model of valve:
- Assembly instructions and spare parts list
- Preventative/ corrective maintenance instructions
- Certificate of seat compatibility with entailed fluid exposure
b) Erection Drawings including the procedures to be used in setting, supporting, and/ or anchoring the valves, the fitting of line pipe to the valves for proper coupling and for adjusting
40.1 GENERAL
40.1.1 The Scope of Works
The work included in this Section consists of manufacture, factory testing and witnessing by the Employer and or the Engineer and supply and delivery of pipes, fittings, valves, specials and other pipeline materials as specified here-in.
All pipeline materials shall be supplied by the Contractor, unless otherwise indicated in these documents or instructed by the Engineer.
All materials and equipment supplied shall be suitable for use under conditions prevailing at the site of the Works.
40.1.2 Shop Drawings
A. General
In addition to re-submitting all data required in the Tender the Contractor shall submit for approval detailed shop / construction Drawings together with other required information specified in accordance with the requirements specified in this Section.
Within 4 weeks of the date of acceptance of his Tender, the Contractor shall submit for the Engineer's approval a detailed program for submission of drawings, manufacture, testing, witnessing and delivery of pipes, fittings, valves and other pipeline materials to achieve the completion of the Works within the Contract period. Any deviations from the program shall be notified to the Engineer, but will not relieve the Contractor of his obligations under the Contract.
B. Shop Drawings
Shop Drawings, complete with material, grade and class for all pipes, fittings, joints and coatings shall be submitted. Detailed catalogue and engineering data sheets shall be submitted for all components such as flexible couplings, rubber gaskets, and insulating joints.
Shop Drawings for valves and miscellaneous components shall be complete with bill-of-materials showing kind and class of materials and catalogue and engineering data showing compliance with the specified requirements. In addition shall submit:
a) Instructions and Certificates for each type and model of valve:
- Assembly instructions and spare parts list
- Preventative/ corrective maintenance instructions
- Certificate of seat compatibility with entailed fluid exposure
b) Erection Drawings including the procedures to be used in setting, supporting, and/ or anchoring the valves, the fitting of line pipe to the valves for proper coupling and for adjusting
such payment will be deemed to include the cost of excavating and hauling and all other costs in connection with this material in constructing the embankment.
Material from Borrow Excavation which is placed in the embankment and accepted by the Engineer will be paid for only in the embankment and such payment will be deemed to include the cost of excavation, payment of royalties to landowners and/or local communities, the cost of hauling and all other costs in connection with this material in constructing the embankment.
28.4.2 Basis of Payment
The quantities, determined as provided above shall be paid for at the Contract Unit Rate, respectively, for each of the particular pay items listed below and shown in the Bill of Quantities, which price and payment shall be full compensation for all the costs necessary for the proper completion of the Work prescribed in this item as explained in the following table:
Description Unit of Measurement
(i) Formation of Embankment from Roadway Excavation in Common Material Cft.
(ii) Formation of Embankment from Borrow Excavation in Common Material Cft.
(iii) Sweet earthfill from Borrow Excavation Cft.
Material from Borrow Excavation which is placed in the embankment and accepted by the Engineer will be paid for only in the embankment and such payment will be deemed to include the cost of excavation, payment of royalties to landowners and/or local communities, the cost of hauling and all other costs in connection with this material in constructing the embankment.
28.4.2 Basis of Payment
The quantities, determined as provided above shall be paid for at the Contract Unit Rate, respectively, for each of the particular pay items listed below and shown in the Bill of Quantities, which price and payment shall be full compensation for all the costs necessary for the proper completion of the Work prescribed in this item as explained in the following table:
Description Unit of Measurement
(i) Formation of Embankment from Roadway Excavation in Common Material Cft.
(ii) Formation of Embankment from Borrow Excavation in Common Material Cft.
(iii) Sweet earthfill from Borrow Excavation Cft.
Embankment material which may be lost or displaced as a result of natural causes such as storms, cloud-burst or as a result of unavoidable movement or settlement of the ground or foundation upon which the embankment is constructed shall be replaced by the Contractor with acceptable material from excavation or borrow. No additional compensation will be allowed for the replacement except that the quantity of material required will be paid for at the Contract price for the type of material used.
During construction the roadway shall be kept in shape and drained at all times. When unsuitable material has been placed in the embankment by the Contractor he shall remove it without extra payment.
28.3.4 Shoulders Ditches and Slopes
The roadway, including the slopes, and all drainage structures shall be substantially completed before the construction of pavement is started.
During the construction of the pavement, a shoulder at least 3 ft. wide shall be maintained in place to properly support he edges of the pavement. Upon completion of the pavement, the earth shoulders, slopes and ditches shall be completed and shaped to surface which is within 0.1 foot above or below the true surface shown on the Plans. The shoulders lines shall not vary more than 0.1 foot horizontally from the true lines shown on the Plans.
Hand dressing of shoulders, slopes or ditches etc. will not be required except where the use of mechanical equipment is impossible, necessary and as directed by the Engineer.
Material which contains weeds, roots or other unsuitable matter shall not be used in the construction of shoulders.
28.4 Measurement and Payment
28.4.1 Method of Measurement
The quantities to be paid for shall be the number of 100 cubic feet in the volume of embankment compacted in place, after clearing, grubbing and stripping, accepted by the Engineer formed with material resulting from:
(a) Roadway Excavation
(b) Borrow Excavation
Material from Roadway Excavation as defined in Clause 23.1 which is placed in the embankment and accepted by the Engineer will be paid for only in the e
During construction the roadway shall be kept in shape and drained at all times. When unsuitable material has been placed in the embankment by the Contractor he shall remove it without extra payment.
28.3.4 Shoulders Ditches and Slopes
The roadway, including the slopes, and all drainage structures shall be substantially completed before the construction of pavement is started.
During the construction of the pavement, a shoulder at least 3 ft. wide shall be maintained in place to properly support he edges of the pavement. Upon completion of the pavement, the earth shoulders, slopes and ditches shall be completed and shaped to surface which is within 0.1 foot above or below the true surface shown on the Plans. The shoulders lines shall not vary more than 0.1 foot horizontally from the true lines shown on the Plans.
Hand dressing of shoulders, slopes or ditches etc. will not be required except where the use of mechanical equipment is impossible, necessary and as directed by the Engineer.
Material which contains weeds, roots or other unsuitable matter shall not be used in the construction of shoulders.
28.4 Measurement and Payment
28.4.1 Method of Measurement
The quantities to be paid for shall be the number of 100 cubic feet in the volume of embankment compacted in place, after clearing, grubbing and stripping, accepted by the Engineer formed with material resulting from:
(a) Roadway Excavation
(b) Borrow Excavation
Material from Roadway Excavation as defined in Clause 23.1 which is placed in the embankment and accepted by the Engineer will be paid for only in the e
(viii) Side slopes shall be neatly trimmed to the lines and slopes shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer, and the finished Work shall be left in a neat and acceptable condition to the Engineer.
28.3.2 Excavation in Embankments
Unless otherwise specified in the Specifications and Drawings, the Contractor may choose with the approval of the Engineer to excavate for service ducts etc after the embankment has been placed. Any space remaining after the placing of such structures and deducting for specified bed or backfill, shall be filled with material approved by the Engineer and compacted as follows:
(a) Layer not more than 8 inches in loose thickness shall be placed and compacted in succession, with mechanical tampers or tires or tracks of motor driven equipment operated transversely to the roadway, to the densities specified in Clause 21.3.1. Moisture content shall be adjusted as directed by the Engineer.
(b) The excavation in embankment and the placing of backfill for the purposes described above shall not constitute any claims for payment but shall be covered under the Contract Unit Rate paid for other Works in which the operation is involved.
28.3.3 General Requirements
(i) To avoid interference with the construction of structures the Contractor shall, at points to be determined by the Engineer, suspend Work on embankments and/or in cuts forming the approach to any such structure until such time as the construction of the latter is sufficiently advanced to permit the completion of the approaches without the risk of interference or damage to the structures Work. The cost of such suspension of Work shall be included in the Contract unit prices for embankment. In carrying embankments up to or over culverts or pipe drains care shall be taken by the Contractor to have the embankments brought to equally on both sides and over the top of any such structure.
(ii) When as a result of settlement, an embankment requires the addition of material up to 12 inches in thickness to bring it upto the required grade level, the top of the embankment shall be thoroughly scarified before the additional material is placed, and no extra payment shall be made for the scarification.
(ii) The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of all embankments and shall replace any portions that in the opinion of the Engineer have been damaged or displaced due to carelessness or neglect on the part of the Contractor.
28.3.2 Excavation in Embankments
Unless otherwise specified in the Specifications and Drawings, the Contractor may choose with the approval of the Engineer to excavate for service ducts etc after the embankment has been placed. Any space remaining after the placing of such structures and deducting for specified bed or backfill, shall be filled with material approved by the Engineer and compacted as follows:
(a) Layer not more than 8 inches in loose thickness shall be placed and compacted in succession, with mechanical tampers or tires or tracks of motor driven equipment operated transversely to the roadway, to the densities specified in Clause 21.3.1. Moisture content shall be adjusted as directed by the Engineer.
(b) The excavation in embankment and the placing of backfill for the purposes described above shall not constitute any claims for payment but shall be covered under the Contract Unit Rate paid for other Works in which the operation is involved.
28.3.3 General Requirements
(i) To avoid interference with the construction of structures the Contractor shall, at points to be determined by the Engineer, suspend Work on embankments and/or in cuts forming the approach to any such structure until such time as the construction of the latter is sufficiently advanced to permit the completion of the approaches without the risk of interference or damage to the structures Work. The cost of such suspension of Work shall be included in the Contract unit prices for embankment. In carrying embankments up to or over culverts or pipe drains care shall be taken by the Contractor to have the embankments brought to equally on both sides and over the top of any such structure.
(ii) When as a result of settlement, an embankment requires the addition of material up to 12 inches in thickness to bring it upto the required grade level, the top of the embankment shall be thoroughly scarified before the additional material is placed, and no extra payment shall be made for the scarification.
(ii) The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of all embankments and shall replace any portions that in the opinion of the Engineer have been damaged or displaced due to carelessness or neglect on the part of the Contractor.
Depth in inches below
Subgrade Level Percent of AASHTO T-180 (Method-D)
Maximum Dry Density
00 – 12 95%
12 – 30 93%
More than 30 90%
(iii) In place density determinations of the compacted layers shall be made in accordance with AASHTO T-191 or other approved methods. For all soils, with the exception of rock fill materials, containing more than 10% oversize particles (retained on 3/4 inch), the in-place density thus obtained shall be adjusted to account for such oversize particles as directed by the Engineer. Subsequent layers shall not be placed and compacted unless the previous layer has been properly compacted and accepted by the Engineer.
(iv) Material for embankment at points inaccessible to normal compaction equipment shall be placed in horizontal layers of loose material not more than 8 inches thick and compacted to the densities specified above by the use of mechanical tampers, or other appropriate equipment.
(v) The compaction of the embankment shall be carried out at the designated moisture content consistent with the available compacting equipment. In forming the embankment. The Contractor shall take steps to ensure that the Work can be drained free of rain water, and he shall make due allowance in the height and width of the Work for swelling or shrinkage.
(vi) Embankment material that does not contain sufficient moisture to obtain the required compaction shall be given additional moisture by means of approved sprinklers and mixing. Material containing more than the amount of moisture necessary to obtain the required compaction may not, without written approval of the Engineer, be incorporated in the embankment until it has been sufficiently dried out. The drying of wet material may be expedited by dispersing or other approved methods.
(vii) When materials of widely divergent characteristics, such as clay and chalk or sand, drawn from different sources, are to be used in the embankment they shall be depoSited in alternate layers of the same material over the full width of the embankment to depths approved by the Engineer. Rock, clay or other material shall be broken up, and no accumulation of lumps or boulders in the embankment will be permitted. No surplus material shall be permitted to be left at the toe of the embankment or at the top of cut Sections.
Subgrade Level Percent of AASHTO T-180 (Method-D)
Maximum Dry Density
00 – 12 95%
12 – 30 93%
More than 30 90%
(iii) In place density determinations of the compacted layers shall be made in accordance with AASHTO T-191 or other approved methods. For all soils, with the exception of rock fill materials, containing more than 10% oversize particles (retained on 3/4 inch), the in-place density thus obtained shall be adjusted to account for such oversize particles as directed by the Engineer. Subsequent layers shall not be placed and compacted unless the previous layer has been properly compacted and accepted by the Engineer.
(iv) Material for embankment at points inaccessible to normal compaction equipment shall be placed in horizontal layers of loose material not more than 8 inches thick and compacted to the densities specified above by the use of mechanical tampers, or other appropriate equipment.
(v) The compaction of the embankment shall be carried out at the designated moisture content consistent with the available compacting equipment. In forming the embankment. The Contractor shall take steps to ensure that the Work can be drained free of rain water, and he shall make due allowance in the height and width of the Work for swelling or shrinkage.
(vi) Embankment material that does not contain sufficient moisture to obtain the required compaction shall be given additional moisture by means of approved sprinklers and mixing. Material containing more than the amount of moisture necessary to obtain the required compaction may not, without written approval of the Engineer, be incorporated in the embankment until it has been sufficiently dried out. The drying of wet material may be expedited by dispersing or other approved methods.
(vii) When materials of widely divergent characteristics, such as clay and chalk or sand, drawn from different sources, are to be used in the embankment they shall be depoSited in alternate layers of the same material over the full width of the embankment to depths approved by the Engineer. Rock, clay or other material shall be broken up, and no accumulation of lumps or boulders in the embankment will be permitted. No surplus material shall be permitted to be left at the toe of the embankment or at the top of cut Sections.
Scope
This Work shall consist of the formation of embankment in accordance with these Specifications and the Specifications for other Work items involved and in conformity with the lines, grades, Sections and dimensions shown on the drawings or as required by the Engineer.
28.2 Material Requirements
Material for embankment shall consist of suitable material excavated as per Project Specifications and approved by the Engineer. Borrow material, however, shall only be used when there is no suitable material available from cuts made from the roadway, in conformity with the lines, grades, Sections and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as required by the Engineer. Material having A-3 AASHTO Classification shall not be used.
Wet excavated material which will be suitable when dry and if approved by the Engineer shall first be allowed to dry and attain optimum moisture content before being placed in the embankment.
28.3 Construction Requirements
28.3.1 Formation of Embankment with Common Material
(i) Material for embankment, obtained and approved as provided above, shall be placed in horizontal layers of 6” thick uniform thickness after compaction and in conformity with the lines, grades, Sections and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as required by the Engineer. The layers of loose material other than rock shall be not more than 8 inches thick, unless otherwise allowed by the Engineer after a trial Section is prepared and approved.
(ii) The material placed in all embankment layers and the material scarified to the designated depth shall be compacted to the density specified in the following table:
This Work shall consist of the formation of embankment in accordance with these Specifications and the Specifications for other Work items involved and in conformity with the lines, grades, Sections and dimensions shown on the drawings or as required by the Engineer.
28.2 Material Requirements
Material for embankment shall consist of suitable material excavated as per Project Specifications and approved by the Engineer. Borrow material, however, shall only be used when there is no suitable material available from cuts made from the roadway, in conformity with the lines, grades, Sections and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as required by the Engineer. Material having A-3 AASHTO Classification shall not be used.
Wet excavated material which will be suitable when dry and if approved by the Engineer shall first be allowed to dry and attain optimum moisture content before being placed in the embankment.
28.3 Construction Requirements
28.3.1 Formation of Embankment with Common Material
(i) Material for embankment, obtained and approved as provided above, shall be placed in horizontal layers of 6” thick uniform thickness after compaction and in conformity with the lines, grades, Sections and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as required by the Engineer. The layers of loose material other than rock shall be not more than 8 inches thick, unless otherwise allowed by the Engineer after a trial Section is prepared and approved.
(ii) The material placed in all embankment layers and the material scarified to the designated depth shall be compacted to the density specified in the following table:
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